Type D personality and the development of PTSD symptoms: A prospective study.

Psychological trauma and prolonged stress may cause mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pretrauma personality is an important determinant of posttraumatic adjustment. Specifically, trait neuroticism has been identified as a risk factor for PTSD. Additionally, the combination of high negative affectivity or neuroticism with marked social inhibition or introversion, also called Type D personality (Denollet, 2000), may compose a risk factor for PTSD. There is no research available that examined pretrauma Type D personality in relation to PTSD. The present study examined the predictive validity of the Type D personality construct in a sample of Dutch soldiers. Data were collected prior to and 6 months after military deployment to Afghanistan. Separate multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the predictive validity of Type D personality. First, Type D personality was defined as the interaction between negative affect and social inhibition (Na × Si). In a second analysis, Type D was defined following cutoff criteria recommended by Denollet (2000). Results showed that negative affectivity was a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms. Social inhibition and the interaction Na × Si did not add to the amount of explained variance in postdeployment PTSD scores over the effects of childhood abuse, negative affectivity, and prior psychological symptoms. A second analysis showed that Type D personality (dichotomous) did not add to the amount of explained variance in postdeployment PTSD scores over the effects of childhood abuse, and prior psychological symptoms. Therefore, Type D personality appears to be of limited value to explain development of combat-related PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Circumventing mental health stigma by embracing the warrior culture: Lessons learned from the Defender's Edge program.

Despite considerable efforts on the part of the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the wider mental health community, mental health stigma continues to be a significant barrier to seeking help by service members, highlighting the need for newer modes of thought. A significant factor contributing to this stigma is the fundamental difference between traditional mental health approaches and the warrior culture. As a mental health prevention initiative, the Defender's Edge (DEFED) program was specifically developed to fit within the United States Air Force Security Forces (SF) charged with ground combat operations while deployed to Iraq. DEFED adopted a strengths-based philosophy and integrated a psychologist into the SF culture. Evaluative feedback from 192 program participants is presented, demonstrating high programmatic acceptability and feasibility suggestive of success in circumventing mental health stigma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Kelley and Jouriles (2011).

Reports an error in "An introduction to the special section on U.S. Military operations: Effects on military members' partners and children" by Michelle L. Kelley and Ernest N. Jouriles (Journal of Family Psychology, 2011[Aug], Vol 25[4], 459-460). An author’s name cited in the text and the reference section was misspelled as Knoblock. The correct reference is Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2011). Depressive symptoms and mechanisms of relational turbulence as predictors of relationship satisfaction among returning service members. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 470–478. The online versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-17889-001.) The deployment of U.S. military personnel to global hot spots, whether as combatants or as peacekeepers, has increased attention to the psychological well-being of military personnel and their family members. Despite the growing awareness that deployments have reverberating effects on all family members, theoretical explanations and empirical research on the impact of deployment on couple, family, and child adjustment, factors that serve to protect families from the demands of military employment, and effective methods of treating the mental health needs of military families are needed. The seven papers in this section increase our understanding of how the demands of U.S. military operations impact couples, family functioning, parenting, and child psychological adjustment and provide an additional resource for mental health professionals who work with these families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于HoR的可靠性配置方法研究

运用HoR(House of Reliability)思想,将故障树分析(FTA)、失效模式影响及危害性分析(FMECA)整合于质量功能配置(QFD)中,建立可靠性配置流程:对系统可靠性指标进行分配,解决了传统方法过度依赖于主观打分的问题;在此基础上,建立以顾客可靠性满意度最大和配置成本最低为目标的模型,将可靠性指标配置到具体的工程技术特征上。并以数控车床电主轴为例,对模型的有效性进行了验证。     

A Study of Effective Deployment in Ultra-Low-Permeability Reservoirs With Non-Darcy Flow

Abstract

Due to the existence of a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) in ultra-low-permeability reservoirs, the peripheral reserves of the wellbore are difficult to deploy effectively. The main problem is that it is hard to ensure that well pattern, well spacing, and drawdown pressure easily and accurately because of the existence of low-velocity non-Darcy flow in such reservoirs. Simple and accurate calculation methods of the problem are most popular with reservoir engineers, so effective deployment calculation methods of ultra-low-permeability reservoirs are presented in this article. They include control radius calculation, control distance calculation, control area calculation, and control coefficient calculation, which can be directly used in the evaluation of well pattern thickening of developed oilfields and reserves of undeveloped oilfields. Based on theory of fluid mechanics in porous medium considering TPG, the non-Darcy flow mathematic model was established to reveal the characteristics of pressure distribution of ultra-low-permeability reservoirs. According to the analytical solution of non-Darcy radial flow, the relationship between control radius for ultra-low-permeability medium and TPG under different drawdown pressures was established. A calculation method combined with ellipse flow theory for control coefficient is presented, which was used to characterize the producing degree of reserve in a rectangular pattern. The control radius and coefficient of ultra-low-permeability reservoirs can provide a theoretical foundation for reservoir evaluation and development design.     

渤海湾渤中C地区分流河道砂体油气富集规律及滚动开发实践

浅水三角洲分流河道砂体是渤海湾渤中C地区最具含油潜力的砂体类型,也是该区后期滚动挖潜的主要对象。以区域晚期成藏理论为指导,结合探井、开发井揭示的油气分布特征,以统计学为手段,弄清分流河道砂体的油气富集规律,对已开发或未开发分流河道砂体的潜力进行定量化分析,为滚动开发实践提供依据。结果表明:该区含油分流河道砂体平面上主要分布在渤中C地区主控断层平面距离5 km以内的区域,纵向上主要集中在海拔—1 780~—1 650 m之间;油气的富集程度平面上受控于构造背景和断砂的接触关系,位于面积大的圈闭内并与断层高角度接触的分流河道砂体油气相对富集,纵向上受控于各层位基准面旋回差异及分流河道砂体规模的大小,发育于基准面上升半旋回中晚期且在单一区块内面积小于5 km²的分流河道砂体往往具有较高的面积充满度。实践证实,该成果较好指导了该区的滚动开发实践,有助于油田的高效开发评价,对类似区块的勘探及滚动开发评价具有重要的指导意义。     

美国可再生能源发电的规划及对中国的影响

在全球资源危机的大形势下,美国为占领可再生能源产业的制高点,对风能、太阳能、水电、地热能、生物能等可再生能源发电的未来发展做了一个全方位的分析。从资源技术现状和部署等方面深入剖析,对美国可再生能源发电的前景和实施方案有了更加直观的认识,从而对我国发展可再生能源发电应用提供有益的借鉴。     

基于临近空间飞行器的区域自组网优化部署算法

该文针对基于临近空间飞行器的新型区域自组织网络,提出一种优化部署方案。采用线性递减权值粒子群算法,对于临近空间飞行器节点,一个粒子代表所有飞行器节点坐标集合,以最大化网络覆盖空间的联合通信覆盖率为目标,进行节点的优化部署。对于地面骨干节点,一个粒子代表一个网络分区内骨干节点坐标,以最多覆盖节点数和最小平均跳数为目标,进行初始化。网络运行过程中根据任务区域内数据业务分布情况,以趋近数据量多、业务优先级高的区域为目标,动态调整更新地面骨干节点位置。仿真结果表明,所提方案能为上层协议的运行提供良好基础,使网络分组投递率、延迟和开销等性能得到改善。     

基于路由器接口的IP追踪方案

IP追踪是防御分布式拒绝服务攻击的重要方法。分析了Gong等人的IP追踪方法,指出了存在重构路径速度慢的缺点,并针对这一缺点,提出了一个改进方案。新方案使用路由器的接口信息来标志一个路由器,缩短了原方法中的标记长度,并灵活地根据路由器部署情况来选择是否做日志记录操作,从而提高了重构的速度,降低了误报率,并能更好地适应渐进式的部署。